The grate-kiln process: benefits and drawbacks. The grate-kiln vs the travelling grate. The GKC process possesses both advantages and drawbacks compared with the travelling-grate process. A general comparison between the two (Sgouris and Oja, …
Cross flow heat exchange through clinker bed with cold air Reciprocating grate type Occurrence of waste. air requires additional equipment for de-dusting Capacities of up to 10,000 t/d Alternative forms with two stage cooling and air recirculation are possible Travelling grate type : poor clinker distribution & movement on the grate and therefore lower efficiency
Straight Grate Induration Furnace Nordgren ISSN: 1402-1757 ISBN 978-91-7439-185-5 Luleå University of Technology 2010 ISSN: 1402-1757 ISBN 978-91-7439-XXX-X …
Dec 18, 2002· The second half of the traveling grate is called the preheater, where the unfired pellets are heated to a temperature of 2,000 °F prior to dropping into the rotary kiln furnace. Pellets are discharged from the traveling grate and into the rotary kiln. Final indurating of the pellets occurs in the kiln as the pellets tumble down the rotating kiln.
Fig 2 Straight Travelling Grate Process Typical flow sheet The Grate Kiln Process was developed by Allis Chalmer and the first plant on this technology was constructed in 1960 In the GrateKiln process Fig 3 the traveling grate is used to dry and preheat the pellets. Rotary Kiln an overview ScienceDirect Topics
The thermal state of iron ore pellets during traveling-grate processes is complex, and sintering is a complex coupling process involving multiple physical factors. In this study, the temperature distribution during updraught drying (UDD) is investigated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and orthogonal testing. Based on the calculated temperature profiles and temperature increase at ...
ODUCTIO~ The reciprocating grate cooler is the most widely used cooler system in the world. The grate cooler is independent of the kiln, but kilns are heavily dependent on their grate cooler for heat recuperation in the forms of primary, seconday, and tertiary air. More heat recuperation from the cooler to the kiln r~ults in lower kiln fuel ...
The grate-kiln process, which has been inspired from furnaces designed in the cement industry, uses three distinct pieces of equipment to carry out the induration process: a preheat travelling grate, a rotary kiln, and an annular or straight cooler. Drying and preheating of the green pellets is accomplished on the preheat grate,
Traveling grate CFD Model Baffle walls Preheat zone Common windbox, sloped floor Feautures and benefits Pellet quality Ported kiln operation Predictive control systems Because the induration of the pellets occur in the rotary kiln, the pellets produced in a Grate-Kiln system are consistently of higher quality than those produced in a straight grate.
travelling grate, downdraft, and totally enclosed, followed by a short large diameter rotary kiln, plus a high efficiency, counterflow, coole The raw material, pellets of limestone and shale from the granulators, passes on to the preheating grate through which hot gases pass and in so doing, the pellets are dried and heated to calcining
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Grate Kiln Systems. Straight Grate Systems. Travelling Grates. Fluid Bed Heaters. Preheaters. Iron Ore Pelletizing System. Rotary Kilns. Lime Calcining System. ... Compare Offers. 3. Place Order. 4. Transact Securely. Service Required * Tell us Your Requirement in Detail ...
a travelling grate in a packed bed where they are dried and preheated. In "straight-grate" plants, firing (at around 1300–1350°C) and cooling are also completed on the grate, whereas in "grate-kiln" plants the firing process is performed in a rotary kiln before the pellets are transferred into an annular travelling grate …
Outotecs traveling grate pelletizing plant is the industrys leading induration technology for iron ore pellet production for a wide range of plant capacities based on over 60 years experience and worldclass rd our process produces uniform pellets and ensures high performance and quality with low investment and operating costs as well. Online Chat
Apr 01, 2021· green balls prior to sintering by the grate-kiln process, which consists of a traveling grate and a rotating kiln. These kilns are lined with bricks, most often based on Al. 2. O. 3. and SiO. 2, in which the temperature sometimes exceeds 1350ºC. Such bricks deteriorate in use and need to be replaced regularly. The oxides Al. 2. O. 3. and SiO. 2
Abstract A mathematical model of pellet induration process in the straight-grate system is presented. The important physical and chemical phenomena known to affect the heat and mass transfer in the process have been taken into account in the formulation of the model. These include heat transfer between gas and pellet, gas flow, evaporation and condensation of moisture, oxidation of magnetite ...
kiln requires additional length (in comparison to a dry kiln). Additionally, to evaporate the water contained in the slurry, a wet kiln consumes nearly 33 percent more kiln energy when compared to a dry kiln. Wet-process kilns tend to be older operations as compared to dry-processes where raw materials are fed into the process as a dry powder.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a Lelep-Lepol travelling grate rotary kiln system. FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the Lelep-Lepol travelling grate, rotary kiln, weigh feeder and cellula feeder of FIG. 1. FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a decision making process for the control of excess oxygen.
Comparison of high-rank coals with respect to slagging/deposition tendency at the transfer-chute of iron-ore pelletizing grate-kiln plants: A pilot-scale experimental study … H Sefidari, H Wiinikka, B Lindblom, LO Nordin, G Wu, E Yazhenskikh, ...
Oct 14, 2018· The GRATE-KILN System has changed significantly in design concept since the first systems were commissioned for Cleveland Cliffs Iron Company in the early 1960's through the most recent startup of the LKAB KP-79 plant in Kiruna, Sweden in 1981. Initial GRATE-KILN plants were designed with no heat recuperation systems and typically consisted ...
Use an Ash Pan to contain fire debris and embers that fall beneath the fire grate Measures 28-in L x 17-in W x 2-in H with tapered sides Made to fit between the legs of our Minuteman International Basket Grate (GT-02) Easily slide the cooled pan out from underneath for cleaning, no need to remove the grate Made of 24 Gauge Galvanized Steel
A method of producing cement clinker using a high sulfur fuel includes introducing raw material into a Lelep-Lepol travelling grate; drying and heating the raw material in the Lelep-Lepol travelling grate while passing the raw material through the Lelep-Lepol travelling grate; transferring the heated and dried raw material from the Lelep-Lepol travelling grate to a rotary kiln; combusting a ...
A clear distinction between the dustiness of grate-kiln and straight-grate fired pellets is established. We conclude that grate-kiln-cooler systems provide superior pellet quality, but at the cost ...
Oct 29, 2018· A clear distinction between the dustiness of grate-kiln and straight-grate fired pellets is established. We conclude that grate-kiln-cooler systems provide superior pellet quality, but at the cost of some pellet production rate.
used in pelletizing traveling grate kiln. In 2014 it was conducted an industrial test with a pilot biomass burner coupled to the duct that directs the hot air to the up draft drying 2 of the Traveling Grate Machine 2. The test was the pioneer with Biomass in Samarco, occurred in …
Travelling grate coolers (grate movement in one direction) 2. Reciprocating grate coolers (back and forth movement of the transport elements) 4.2.1 Travelling grate coolers. The entire grate is moving continuously in one direction to convey the clinker. Figure 8: Working principle of travelling grate coolers
Oct 23, 2014· Y. Wang, X. H. Fan, and X. L. Chen, "Mathematical models and expert system for grate-kiln process of iron ore oxide pellet production (Part I): mathematical models of grate process," Journal of Central South University of Technology, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 1092–1097, 2012. View at: Publisher Site | …