In accordance with ISO 4700, the cold crushing strength (CCS) of pellets is the arithmetic mean of measurements of a test sample of at least 60 pellets of − 12.5 + 10 mm particle size. From practical experience, a crushing strength of 200 kg, preferably 250 kg, is desirable for pellets to be used in large BFs. Decrepitation index
required to produce 0.9 Mg (1 ton) of product sinter. 12.5.1.2 Iron Production - Iron is produced in blast furnaces by the reduction of iron bearing materials with a hot gas. The large, refractory lined furnace is charged through its top with iron as ore, pellets, and/or sinter; flux as limestone, dolomite, and sinter; and coke for fuel.
The physical and chemical properties such as particle size, montmorillonite content, swelling degree, water absorption, and blue absorption of A, B, and C bentonites were studied under laboratory conditions. The effects of adding different quality and different proportion of bentonite on falling strength, compression strength, and shock …
After the cooler, coarse sinter particles of larger than 50–75 mm are usually crushed by a secondary crusher and conveyed to the screening station where the product sinter, hearth material, and return fines are separated.
Sinter and pellets are major iron carriers in the BF; lump iron ore with appropriate characteristics is also used. New burden materials—self-reducing pellets (SRP) and iron ore–carbon composites (shortly composites) with cold embedded reactive carbonaceous materials—have been proposed to decrease carbon consumption in the BF.
The present work provides information on the iron ores that form part of the mineral mix which, once granulated, is loaded onto the sinter strand where it is partially melted at a temperature...
The BF uses sinter, pellets, and lump ore as iron-bearing raw materials, and coke and pulverized coal as fuel and reducing agents to produce hot metal with …
Furthermore, it was also observed that microwave sintered preforms exhibited relatively higher cold crushing strength and hardness than conventionally sintered preforms. Thus, the overall results revealed that microwave sintering yielded better properties considered in the present study.
The production optimum conditions of porous SI has been investigated, and the reduction behavior and crushing strength of carbon-containing iron ore sinters (SI–C) …
The iron ore is first crushed into a powder, mixed with additives and a binder, and rolled into green pellets (10-15 mm in diameter) that are sintered to pellets in a furnace during...
required to produce 0.9 Mg (1 ton) of product sinter. 12.5.1.2 Iron Production - Iron is produced in blast furnaces by the reduction of iron bearing materials with a hot gas. The …
The present work provides information on the iron ores that form part of the mineral mix which, once granulated, is loaded onto the sinter strand where it is partially melted at a temperature...
The BF uses sinter, pellets, and lump ore as iron-bearing raw materials, and coke and pulverized coal as fuel and reducing agents to produce hot metal with consistent quality for the BOF process. It produces approximately 68% of the world crude steel in 2019.
Fines are finely crushed iron ore that our customers melt together to form pieces called sinter. It is also used to make iron in blast furnaces. As with our pellets, the iron content of our fines is also very high; it is over 70%, which makes it highly sought after on the market. Next generation of products Our customers' needs are changing.
Iron ore fluxed sinter is the main ferrous burden of Jindal south west steel limited (JSWSL) blast furnaces. In sinter plant fluxes including limestone and dolomite are added to improve the sinter properties of iron ore and to provide an …
The first results from the conjoined application of these techniques show that the cold crushing strength of the pellet increase with the decrease of porosity, the appearance of the fayalite,...
It was found that the sinter with FeO range of 8.60-9.88% showed higher productivity and higher strength with desired RDI of <= 27% and reducibility of >60%. Analysis of plant data has revealed...
Matsumura et al. studied the effect of sinter composition (CaO, SiO 2, Al 2 O 3, MgO, FeO) on its reducibility and softening melting characteristics; addition of dolomite to increase the MgO improved the softening property of sinter, as MgO raises the melting temperature of slag.
Relationship between the change of pressure load and cold crushing strength (C.S) of mill scale briquette. Figure 5. Effect of change hydrogen flow rate on the degree of reduction of mill scale briquette. ... "The Influence of Reduced Sponge Iron Addition on the Quality of Produced Iron Ore Sinter," Proceeding of the XXIMPC, Aachen, 21-26 ...
Sinter plants process a mixture of iron ore fines, recycled ironmaking products, slag-forming agents and solid fuel (coke) with the …
The standardization applied to iron ore was followed. The best result of crushing strength was 98.52 daN/pellet. The agglomerates with approved crushing strength for use in electric furnaces were smelted to produce alloys containing nickel; the agglomerates were characterized by scanning electron microscopy.
The full size distribution of the iron ore concentrate. 2.2. Experimental Method The parameters that represent bentonite properties include colloid value, degree of swelling, water absorption, methylene blue absorption, and montmorillonite content.
When is hot finished steel preferred over cold finished steel? Cold finished steel has more than 20% yield strength and is more hardened compared to hot finished steel. Welding involved in cold finished steel loses its yield strength significantly, whereas hot finished steel retains its strength in welding process.
Sintering Technology. 1. Sinter Making Technology Aritra Mallick AGM (Agglomeration) RDCIS, Ranchi. 2. Introduction During mining operation of Iron ore, big boulders are crushed to smaller size suitable for blast furnace charging. During this operation fines are generated and the same can not be discarded as it contains Fe to the …
Integrated steel plants need to make convenient use of the available iron ore resources to optimize operation and the cost of steel. The advantages and disadvantages of using greater amounts...
Modeling and simulation of mechanical degradation of iron ore sinter in a complex transfer chute system using the discrete element model and a particle breakage model. 2023, Powder Technology ... At 1250 °C of indurated temperature and 1.0% addition of cow-dung, the cold crushing strength (CCS) of 357 kg/pellet and the porosity of …
This work showed the links between chemistry, porosity and mineralogy and the quality of the iron ore sinter. ... FeO is commonly …
lime coating have been tested for cold crushing strength (CCS), tumbler index (TI), thermal degradation index (TDI), reduction degradation index (RDI) and relative reducibility index (RI). A...
Pellet ore has many advantages compared to sinter, such as small and uniform particle size, high cold compressive strength and iron grade, good reducibility, and low environmental pollution. The metallurgical properties of pellets play a crucial role in reducing coke ratio and increasing blast furnace productivity [ 2 ].
Cold crushing strength (CCS) of a refractory brick represents its strength. That is it tells us how much load that refractory can bear in cold conditions. The concept of testing CCS of a refractory material has perhaps, come from metallurgy.
Sintering is used to increase material properties, including thermal and electrical conductivity, material strength and integrity, and translucency. Types There are several types of sintering, depending on the material being joined or the specific sintering process, as follows: Ceramic Sintering