Mar 12, 2016· Caustic embrittlement can be prevented (i) by using sodium phosphate as softening reagent, instead of sodium carbonate in external treatment of boiler water. (ii) by adding tannin or lignin to boiler water which blocks the hair cracks ' in the boiler walls thereby preventing infiltration of caustic soda solution into these areas. (iii) by ...
control technology is dry injection of sodium sorbents (trona or sodium bicarbonate). In a dry sorbent injection system, sodium sorbent is injected into the hot flue gas duct and reacts with SO 2, SO 3, HCl, HF and some NO x. Due to its low capital cost and ease of opera-tion, dry injection of sodium sorbents is being used at more and more boilers,
Sodium carbonate reacts with the remaining calcium and magnesium ions in the water to provide permanent hardness. Moreover, water-soluble sodium salt in the fiery debris increases the sodium content in water. Therefore, water is changed into the subtle water by substituting Ca and Mg particles with Na particles released by coal-terminated boilers.
There is a huge difference between Demineralized water & RO water. The RO water contains a level of TDS between 50 to 200 mg/l. It's not possible to remove complete TDS through RO process even if we adopt 3rd or 4th stage RO, where Membranes are i...
a uniform mixture of sodium lignosulfo-nate, sodium hexametaphosphate, and anti- for use as a boiler water additive to control scale formation and to prevent steam contamination. the blend shall be suitable for use in the generation of steam for the process-ing of food, readily soluble in water, contain less than 0.5% insoluble matter,
sodium sodium carbon water bicarbonate carbonate dioxide Na2CO3+ H2O = 2NaOH + CO2 sodium water sodium carbon carbonate hydroxide dioxide Both the oxygen and carbon dioxide are considered "non-condensable gasses." Due to their poor solubility in hot water, they leave the boiler and travel with the steam and as the
furnace slag activated using sodium carbonate. As strength development of alkali-activated slag cements containing neutral GBFS and sodium carbonate as activator at room temperature is known to be slow, three accelerators were investigated: sodium hydroxide, ordinary Portland cement and a combination of silica fume and slaked lime.
PTS 70.10.80.11. January 1998 Page 38 - Sodium nitrite should then be dosed into the system to a concentration of 0.25% and circulated for about 4 hours. - The boiler can then be drained to the process water effluent rundown system for biotreatment, ventilated and inspected. - Before the boiler can be taken into service again, it shall be refilled with water at a slight overpressure and ...
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Jun 28, 2021· The sodium sulfate is not the active chemical during the kraft pulping process but only the source to generate sodium sulfide (Na 2 S). Most of the sodium sulfate in the recovery boiler is reduced to Na 2 S. The efficiency of this reduction is called reduction efficiency and normal values are in the range of 90–94 per cent.
Slag, ABS and LPA Control. A primary benefit of our TIFI programs is the reduction in slag, overall fouling within the boiler. The downstream benefits include reduced ammonium bisulfate (ABS) and large particle ash (LPA) or "popcorn ash". These are major problems facing power producers, especially those burning solid fuels.
ash cools in a dry state, Boiler slag is a type of bottom ash collected in wet-bottom boilers (slag ... carbonate (CaC0. 3). (c) A particle etched with hydrofluoric acid fo remove surface glass and reveal a shell of ... dered activated carbon injection to control mercury, and sodium-based sorbents to control …
Sodium Carbonate To Control Slag In A Boiler. Whatever your requirements, you 'll find the perfect service-oriented solution to match your specific needs with our help.We are here for your questions anytime 24/7, welcome your consultation. Pdf using of congruent phosphate as equilibriumpdf using of congruent phosphate as equilibrium21 carbonate ...
Jun 23, 2020· Phosphate conditioning is more beneficial than carbonate conditioning. Monosodium and disodium phosphate can be used for alkaline and neutral water. Carbonate conditioning is used in low pressure boilers. In this method, sodium carbonate solution is added to convert the calcium ions to soft and loose sludge.
The main phosphate used to clean the boiler is trisodium phosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, and sometimes an appropriate amount of sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate is added, but the alkalinity can't be generally too strong.In addition, a low- surfactant wetting agent is appropriately added in order to increase the degreasing effect.
Using trisodium phosphate for cleaning boiler is a good way. As a chemical scale remover, it can be used in alkali descaling. The medicines of the mixed liquor for alkaline cooking are sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and trisodium phosphate(tsp). The proportioning concentration is 0.3-0.5% of sodium hydroxide and 0.5-1% of trisodium phosphate.
Aug 01, 2017· One established technology for achieving effective slag control in some black liquor recovery boilers is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,740,745 to Smyrniotis, et al.; however, due to the way combustion occurs in a black liquor recovery boiler, there appears to be a unique set of requirements for introducing slag control chemicals.
Feb 09, 2017· This study aims to investigate the effect of limestone powder (LP) on the reaction of sodium carbonate activated slag. The results show that the incorporated LP up to 30% improves the strength development, especially at advanced curing ages. A slightly accelerated reaction is observed for samples containing low amount of LP (≤5%), while mixture with 10% LP shows the optimized results …
In terms of combustion control, this has been accomplished in boilers by burning at low excess-air levels, such that the oxygen content of the (24) flue gas does not exceed 0.2 percent . Under these conditions, the concentration of SO in the flue gases appears to be substantially less than 0.1 ppm.
2.1 Carbonate control Before the acceptance of phosphate treatment in the 1930's, calcium sulphate scaling was a major boiler problem. Sodium carbonate treatment was used to precipitate calcium as calcium carbonate to prevent formation of calcium sulphate. As boiler temperature and pressure rose to produce more power, the
This boiler slag material is made up of hard, black, angular particles that have a smooth, glassy appearance. The particles are uniform in size, hard, and durable, with a resistance to surface wear. Fig. 2. Coal reserves worldwide (iea, 2017). Fig. 3.
The maximum extraction efficiency of Al from boiler slag was 86.55% and 94.6% for Fe, respectively, using sintered pellets with ratio of slag, coal and lime 50:40:10 and 4 mol/L H 2 SO 4, at ...
Feb 14, 2014· During this process, sodium carbonate is turned into sodium hydroxide, which then attacks iron in the boiler. As iron dissolves, it forms sodium ferroate, which under hydrolysis regenerates into ...
M alkalinity, or total alkalinity, is defined as the sum of carbonate, bicarbonate, and hydroxide. P alkalinity, or phenophtalein, is defined as one half of the carbonate alkalinity plus all of the hydroxide alkalinity. Carbonate and bicarbonate alkalinities can combine with calcium and magnesium hardness to form scale in boiler
The quantity of blowdown required to control boiler water solids concentration is calculated by using the following formula: ... Different waters require different chemicals. Sodium carbonate, sodium aluminates, sodium phosphate, sodium sulphite and compounds of vegetable or inorganic origin are all used for this purpose. ... fly ash, and slag ...
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There are no additional loads that can be supplied to the gas system. Direct-fired and waste-heat boilers provide steam for compressed air, heating and S0_ DMA stripping. The #1 furnace waste-heat boiler is rated at 1890 HP and 65,205 Ib/hr of steam and the two #2 furnace waste-heat boilers are each rated at 1000 HP and 34.500 Ib/hr of steam.
While sodium causes problems under scale, it can also contribute to other corrosion problems in the system. Sodium carbonate can convert into sodium hydroxide through hydrolysis. The latter compound reacts with iron in the boiler, dissolving it and producing sodium ferrate.